1. What is a TPO roof?

TPO flexible roofing is generally based on a corrugated steel or concrete roof structure. To address waterproofing and aging issues, an insulation layer and a long-lasting TPO/PVC material layer are added on top of the structural layer. Simply put, it's a waterproof membrane added to the roof surface.

2. How are solar panels installed on TPO roofs, and how does it differ from conventional roofs?

Conventional corrugated steel roofs have a profiled steel sheet as the top layer, and solar panels are typically fixed by clamping them onto the corrugations of the steel sheets using solar panel clamps.  However, TPO roofs have a smooth waterproof membrane as the top layer with no fixed points, so specialized bases are usually used to secure the solar panel mounting brackets.

3. What are the types of TPO photovoltaic bases and their installation processes? 

Currently, there are three common types of TPO bases on the market: nail-plate type, rivet type, and anchor type. The nail-plate type, as the name suggests, is fixed to the profiled steel plate by self-tapping screws that penetrate the insulation layer; the rivet type, as I understand it, is similar to expansion bolts; the anchor type uses a rotatable anchor piece that is first inserted vertically and then rotated 90 degrees to lock into place. Installation steps: base positioning, membrane drilling, insulation rock wool cutting, removing the rock wool, cleaning rock wool debris, drilling holes in the profiled steel plate with an electric drill, cleaning the membrane around the base, installing the base, and heat-welding the base to the roof membrane with hot air.